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Source: Landscape of Consciousness (Kuhn, 2024)

The Consciousness Atlas

Visualizing the Landscape of Consciousness

The Consciousness Atlas is an interactive web app that visualizes more than 450 theories of consciousness. It is based on Robert Lawrence Kuhn's 2024 paper, "A Landscape of Consciousness". The Atlas maps theories that address phenomenal consciousness - the subjective feel of experience, such as the redness of red.

What the Atlas is

The Atlas is a visual reference built on Kuhn's taxonomy. It presents the full set of theories at once so you can explore the field visually and open any theory to read its entry, like an encyclopedia with structured entries. Each theory entry shows a concise identity line, conceptual ground, suggested mechanism, empirical notes, implications, and sources.

Why this exists

Consciousness is studied across disciplines - neuroscience, philosophy, and sometimes spiritual or anomalous-state research. Kuhn's paper collects and organizes hundreds of theories along a spectrum from most physical to least physical. The Atlas puts that organization into a visual form so readers, students, and researchers can quickly see how different positions relate and where each theory sits on the spectrum.

How it works

Theories are grouped into ten main categories, arranged by their stance on the physical-to-nonphysical spectrum. Examples of categories include Materialism, Non-Reductive Physicalism, Functionalism, Quantum-based theories, Panpsychism, Monism, Dualism, Idealism, Anomalous States, and Challenge Theories. The app shows the whole map at once. Click any theory to read its structured entry, which includes references to canonical sources and named thinkers.

Who it is for

What the Atlas does not do

The Atlas does not endorse or rank theories. It is a visualization and reference based on Kuhn's taxonomy - collect and present, not judge. It does not attempt to settle the hard problem of consciousness. It is a tool for exploration and comparison.

A note from Kuhn

Kuhn explicitly states the project's purpose: "collect and categorize, not assess and adjudicate." The Consciousness Atlas follows that approach. The data and structure are derived from Kuhn's paper; feedback and suggested corrections are welcome, but the app is a visualization layer on top of Kuhn's work.

Kuhn was not involved in the design or content of the Consciousness Atlas, other than his original paper, 'A Landscape of Consciousness,' which is the sole source.

Landscape of Consciousness Website

The Landscape of Consciousness website is a significant extension, enhancement, and update of Robert Lawrence Kuhn's paper, "A Landscape of Consciousness: Toward a Taxonomy of Explanations and Implications." The Landscape of Consciousness website contains over 350 theories of consciousness that can be accessed in five ways: Landscape Grid; Landscape Categories; All Landscape Theories; Landscape Map; Interactive Visualizations. The Landscape of Consciousness is a work-in-progress – permanently.

FAQ

What is phenomenal consciousness?

Phenomenal consciousness refers to subjective experience - the qualitative feel of being aware, like the taste of coffee or the redness of red.

How many theories does the Atlas include?

The Atlas visualizes over 220 individual theories, grouped into ten broad categories.

Does the Atlas show which theory is true?

No. The Atlas presents theories neutrally. It is a map, not an argument for any single position.

Is the Atlas academic?

The Atlas is based on an academic source - Robert Kuhn's 2024 paper, "A Landscape of Consciousness" - and links to canonical sources where available.

Summary

The Consciousness Atlas is a straightforward visualization tool: it presents Kuhn's taxonomy as a single, explorable map and lets users open individual theory entries to read structured, referenced summaries. It is designed to make this complex field easier to survey and to serve as a practical reference.

Materialism › Electromagnetic

Becker’s Analog Body Electric

Consciousness Shaped by the Body’s Analog DC Field

Robert O. Becker proposed that consciousness depends on a slow, continuous direct-current (DC) electrical system carried by glial and Schwann cells along the nerves, alongside the fast spike code of neurons. This analog system, which he first found regulating healing and regeneration, sets the level of consciousness and may shape its contents by binding sensory inputs into one experience.

Robert O. Becker

What consciousness is

Consciousness depends causally, and possibly constitutively, on spatially organized DC electrical activity in the nervous system’s non-neuronal supporting tissue. Becker did not claim that consciousness simply is an electromagnetic field.

Mind and body

Mind depends on two interacting electrical modes in the body: digital neuronal impulses and an analog DC background that adjusts the excitability and coordination of large neuronal populations.

Mechanism

A slow DC current flowing along a perineural pathway of Schwann and glial cells provides analog, organism-wide control that sets neuronal sensitivity and binds activity into a unified state.

Core claims

Criticisms

Becker’s experiments used anesthesia, EEG state, responsiveness, and pain reports as proxies, which do not separate phenomenal consciousness from arousal, excitability, attention, or reportability. His perineural semiconductor mechanism has not been confirmed.

Implications

AI consciousness: Unlikely
Consciousness here depends on an organism-wide analog DC system in living tissue, which digital computers lack.
Survival beyond death: No
Since experience depends on the living body’s bioelectric organization, it ends when that organization fails.
Virtual immortality: Unlikely
A simulation would not reproduce the physical DC fields that the view treats as required for consciousness.

Related theories

Sources

Explore all theories on the Consciousness Atlas