Loading chart...
GitHub stars
Source: Landscape of Consciousness (Kuhn, 2024)

The Consciousness Atlas

Visualizing the Landscape of Consciousness

The Consciousness Atlas is an interactive web app that visualizes more than 450 theories of consciousness. It is based on Robert Lawrence Kuhn's 2024 paper, "A Landscape of Consciousness". The Atlas maps theories that address phenomenal consciousness - the subjective feel of experience, such as the redness of red.

What the Atlas is

The Atlas is a visual reference built on Kuhn's taxonomy. It presents the full set of theories at once so you can explore the field visually and open any theory to read its entry, like an encyclopedia with structured entries. Each theory entry shows a concise identity line, conceptual ground, suggested mechanism, empirical notes, implications, and sources.

Why this exists

Consciousness is studied across disciplines - neuroscience, philosophy, and sometimes spiritual or anomalous-state research. Kuhn's paper collects and organizes hundreds of theories along a spectrum from most physical to least physical. The Atlas puts that organization into a visual form so readers, students, and researchers can quickly see how different positions relate and where each theory sits on the spectrum.

How it works

Theories are grouped into ten main categories, arranged by their stance on the physical-to-nonphysical spectrum. Examples of categories include Materialism, Non-Reductive Physicalism, Functionalism, Quantum-based theories, Panpsychism, Monism, Dualism, Idealism, Anomalous States, and Challenge Theories. The app shows the whole map at once. Click any theory to read its structured entry, which includes references to canonical sources and named thinkers.

Who it is for

What the Atlas does not do

The Atlas does not endorse or rank theories. It is a visualization and reference based on Kuhn's taxonomy - collect and present, not judge. It does not attempt to settle the hard problem of consciousness. It is a tool for exploration and comparison.

A note from Kuhn

Kuhn explicitly states the project's purpose: "collect and categorize, not assess and adjudicate." The Consciousness Atlas follows that approach. The data and structure are derived from Kuhn's paper; feedback and suggested corrections are welcome, but the app is a visualization layer on top of Kuhn's work.

Kuhn was not involved in the design or content of the Consciousness Atlas, other than his original paper, 'A Landscape of Consciousness,' which is the sole source.

Landscape of Consciousness Website

The Landscape of Consciousness website is a significant extension, enhancement, and update of Robert Lawrence Kuhn's paper, "A Landscape of Consciousness: Toward a Taxonomy of Explanations and Implications." The Landscape of Consciousness website contains over 350 theories of consciousness that can be accessed in five ways: Landscape Grid; Landscape Categories; All Landscape Theories; Landscape Map; Interactive Visualizations. The Landscape of Consciousness is a work-in-progress – permanently.

FAQ

What is phenomenal consciousness?

Phenomenal consciousness refers to subjective experience - the qualitative feel of being aware, like the taste of coffee or the redness of red.

How many theories does the Atlas include?

The Atlas visualizes over 220 individual theories, grouped into ten broad categories.

Does the Atlas show which theory is true?

No. The Atlas presents theories neutrally. It is a map, not an argument for any single position.

Is the Atlas academic?

The Atlas is based on an academic source - Robert Kuhn's 2024 paper, "A Landscape of Consciousness" - and links to canonical sources where available.

Summary

The Consciousness Atlas is a straightforward visualization tool: it presents Kuhn's taxonomy as a single, explorable map and lets users open individual theory entries to read structured, referenced summaries. It is designed to make this complex field easier to survey and to serve as a practical reference.

Materialism › Language

Fedotov's Communication Hypothesis of Consciousness

Consciousness as Encoding Experience Into Shareable Messages

Fedotov holds that consciousness is a specialized brain function that encodes personal information into messages that can be shared with another person. Being aware of a mental image means that information is ready to be passed to an interlocutor, so consciousness arises with language and develops in each person as they acquire it.

Sergei A. Fedotov, E. V. Baidyuk

What consciousness is

Consciousness is the brain's ability to encode personal information into communicative messages built from shared conventional signals such as words and gestures. Awareness of an event is awareness of it in the context of its significance for others.

Mind and body

Consciousness is one specialized brain function among others, sitting alongside sensory detection, decision-making, and emotion and receiving their outputs only when they are encoded into messages.

Mechanism

Encoding of personal information into messages made of universal conditioned signals. Other cognitive processes are projected into consciousness only while their information is being encoded this way.

Core claims

Criticisms

Tying consciousness to language implies that prelinguistic infants and most animals lack it, a conclusion many researchers reject. Most of the cited evidence comes from reinterpreting existing experiments rather than from tests designed to separate this hypothesis from rivals.

Implications

AI consciousness: Possible
If consciousness is the capacity to encode information into shared conventional signals, a system that genuinely acquired and used language in a social community might qualify. Fedotov does not address machines directly.
Survival beyond death: No
Since consciousness here is a brain function acquired through language, it ends when the brain stops working.
Meaning and purpose: Humanistic only
Consciousness serves communication and social coordination among people, with no cosmic role implied.
Virtual immortality: Uncertain
The hypothesis is silent on whether a copied brain function would preserve a person's conscious message encoding.

Related theories

Sources

Explore all theories on the Consciousness Atlas