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Source: Landscape of Consciousness (Kuhn, 2024)

The Consciousness Atlas

Visualizing the Landscape of Consciousness

The Consciousness Atlas is an interactive web app that visualizes more than 450 theories of consciousness. It is based on Robert Lawrence Kuhn's 2024 paper, "A Landscape of Consciousness". The Atlas maps theories that address phenomenal consciousness - the subjective feel of experience, such as the redness of red.

What the Atlas is

The Atlas is a visual reference built on Kuhn's taxonomy. It presents the full set of theories at once so you can explore the field visually and open any theory to read its entry, like an encyclopedia with structured entries. Each theory entry shows a concise identity line, conceptual ground, suggested mechanism, empirical notes, implications, and sources.

Why this exists

Consciousness is studied across disciplines - neuroscience, philosophy, and sometimes spiritual or anomalous-state research. Kuhn's paper collects and organizes hundreds of theories along a spectrum from most physical to least physical. The Atlas puts that organization into a visual form so readers, students, and researchers can quickly see how different positions relate and where each theory sits on the spectrum.

How it works

Theories are grouped into ten main categories, arranged by their stance on the physical-to-nonphysical spectrum. Examples of categories include Materialism, Non-Reductive Physicalism, Functionalism, Quantum-based theories, Panpsychism, Monism, Dualism, Idealism, Anomalous States, and Challenge Theories. The app shows the whole map at once. Click any theory to read its structured entry, which includes references to canonical sources and named thinkers.

Who it is for

What the Atlas does not do

The Atlas does not endorse or rank theories. It is a visualization and reference based on Kuhn's taxonomy - collect and present, not judge. It does not attempt to settle the hard problem of consciousness. It is a tool for exploration and comparison.

A note from Kuhn

Kuhn explicitly states the project's purpose: "collect and categorize, not assess and adjudicate." The Consciousness Atlas follows that approach. The data and structure are derived from Kuhn's paper; feedback and suggested corrections are welcome, but the app is a visualization layer on top of Kuhn's work.

Kuhn was not involved in the design or content of the Consciousness Atlas, other than his original paper, 'A Landscape of Consciousness,' which is the sole source.

Landscape of Consciousness Website

The Landscape of Consciousness website is a significant extension, enhancement, and update of Robert Lawrence Kuhn's paper, "A Landscape of Consciousness: Toward a Taxonomy of Explanations and Implications." The Landscape of Consciousness website contains over 350 theories of consciousness that can be accessed in five ways: Landscape Grid; Landscape Categories; All Landscape Theories; Landscape Map; Interactive Visualizations. The Landscape of Consciousness is a work-in-progress – permanently.

FAQ

What is phenomenal consciousness?

Phenomenal consciousness refers to subjective experience - the qualitative feel of being aware, like the taste of coffee or the redness of red.

How many theories does the Atlas include?

The Atlas visualizes over 220 individual theories, grouped into ten broad categories.

Does the Atlas show which theory is true?

No. The Atlas presents theories neutrally. It is a map, not an argument for any single position.

Is the Atlas academic?

The Atlas is based on an academic source - Robert Kuhn's 2024 paper, "A Landscape of Consciousness" - and links to canonical sources where available.

Summary

The Consciousness Atlas is a straightforward visualization tool: it presents Kuhn's taxonomy as a single, explorable map and lets users open individual theory entries to read structured, referenced summaries. It is designed to make this complex field easier to survey and to serve as a practical reference.

Non-Reductive

Poznanski’s Processual Relational Geometry: Self-Intending Transscale Consciousness

Consciousness as Self-Sustaining Relational Organization Across Scales

Poznanski holds that phenomenal consciousness is the intrinsic realization of a physically embodied relational organization that persists across scales of the brain. Consciousness occurs when a system's physical realization and its intrinsically informational organization become two reciprocal manifestations of one basis, stabilized by what he calls self-intending projective closure. Perception, cognition, memory, and affect are downstream expressions of this state, not its source.

Roman R. Poznanski

What consciousness is

Conscious actuality is the intrinsic realization of constitutive organization once it reaches self-intending projective closure; phenomenality is the intrinsic manifestation of that actuality.

Mind and body

Physical realization (the substrate's embodiment) and constitutive realization (its intrinsically informational organization) are reciprocal manifestations of one basis, neither a separate substance. Consciousness is constituted by this organization, not caused by it, so Poznanski rejects both standard supervenience and biological naturalism read as brains causing consciousness.

Mechanism

Self-intending projective closure: a self-maintaining relational regime whose admissible continuations constrain one another, preserve continuity across scales, and acquire directional coherence.

Core claims

Criticisms

‘Intrinsic realization’ may name the phenomenal transition without explaining why that transition must be phenomenal. Even confirmation of quasipolaritonic dynamics would not show that reciprocal realization constitutes experience.

Implications

AI consciousness: Conditional
A nonbiological system could be conscious in principle, but computational equivalence or simulation is insufficient; it needs a substrate that sustains transscale relational unfolding and self-intending projective closure.
Survival beyond death: Unlikely
Since physical embodiment is indispensable to conscious actuality, consciousness should end when its physical realization stops.
Virtual immortality: Unlikely
Functional simulation does not suffice, so a digital copy running on ordinary hardware would not continue a person's consciousness.

Related theories

Sources

Explore all theories on the Consciousness Atlas