Panpsychism
Tye’s Irreducible Consciousness
Irreducible On/Off Consciousness Transferred from the Fundamental
Michael Tye, once a reductive physicalist, now argues that phenomenal consciousness is irreducible because it has no borderline cases: a state is either conscious or not. At the fundamental level there is ‘consciousness*’ (protoconsciousness), which transfers to complex systems that play the right functional role and represent properties. Differences in what experiences are like come from differences in what they represent, which keeps his earlier representationalism.
Michael Tye
What consciousness is
Phenomenal consciousness is an irreducible, all-or-nothing property whose basic form, consciousness*, belongs to fundamental entities.
Mind and body
Consciousness* passes from fundamental physical entities to complex combinations of them that meet functional and representational conditions; those combinations are conscious in the full-blooded sense.
Mechanism
Transfer of consciousness* from fundamental entities to combinations that play the right functional role and represent properties.
Core claims
- Phenomenal consciousness has no borderline cases; it is an on/off matter.
- The best explanation for that absence of borderline cases is that phenomenal consciousness is irreducible.
- No plausible, non-arbitrary reductive physical candidate exists for an on/off property, so Tye drops his earlier contingent reductive physicalism.
- The view is his original PANIC theory with consciousness* added.
Implications
- AI consciousness: Conditional
- Since any combination with the right functional role and representations becomes conscious, it follows from the view that an artificial system meeting those conditions would be too.
Related theories
- Tye's Contingentism (Contrast)
- Panprotopsychism (Overlap)
- Chalmers's Panpsychism (Overlap)
- Transparency Thesis (Compatible)
Sources
- Tye's Irreducible Consciousness* (Landscape of Consciousness), Michael Tye (2024)